The Challenge of Tuberculosis (TB) in India

In India, TB poses significant challenges, particularly for women, who face barriers such as under-diagnosis and financial constraints in accessing treatment. Akshata Acharya, an MDR-TB survivor, highlights the mental and social challenges encountered due to TB, including discrimination and isolation.

Gender Disparities in TB

• Gender Inequalities: The Union Health Ministry’s India TB Report 2023 reveals that men are more affected by TB due to factors like smoking and occupational hazards. However, women face unique challenges, including societal stigma and financial burdens.
• Underdiagnosis and Treatment Barriers: Women often normalize symptoms or prioritize family responsibilities, delaying diagnosis and treatment.
• Social and Economic Factors: Women with TB may face abandonment from families and loss of income, exacerbating their plight.

Government and Policy Initiatives

• National Strategic Plan: India's strategic plan for TB (2017-2025) anticipates about 3 million women affected annually. Efforts focus on gender equity to eliminate TB.
• Public Health Initiatives: The National TB Elimination Program (NTEP), formerly RNTCP, underscores India's commitment to eradicate TB by 2025, ahead of global targets.

Statistics and Data

• TB Mortality and Incidence: In 2022, India reported 3,31,000 TB-related deaths, equating to 23 deaths per 100,000 people.
• Global Context: India accounts for 27% of global TB cases. Drug-resistant TB constitutes 2.5% of new cases and 13% of previously treated cases.

Non-Governmental Efforts and Recommendations

• NGO Recommendations: NGOs emphasize the need for effective implementation of government schemes, ensuring medicine and nutritional support reach the poorest.
• Community Support and Awareness: Initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyan promote community contributions for additional nutritional support.

Union Health Ministry’s Initiatives

• Prevention as a Pillar: The India TB Report 2023 emphasizes prevention as a critical aspect of TB eradication efforts.
• Support Programs: The Nikshay Poshan Yojana provides a direct benefit transfer of ₹1,000 per month to TB patients throughout their treatment.
• Public-Private Partnerships: Engagement with the private sector and community mobilization are vital components of the strategy against TB.