India's Role in Geopolitical Conflicts
Russian President Vladimir Putin's recent acknowledgment of India's efforts in addressing the Ukraine-Russia conflict raises questions about India's geopolitical engagement. Historically, India has played decisive roles in regional conflicts, such as aiding Bangladesh's independence in 1971 and combating piracy. Despite being a net contributor to global public goods, India has prioritized economic growth over political activism in global conflicts.
Reasons for India's Cautious Approach
- India fears that involvement in conflicts might compromise economic growth and bilateral relations.
- India often defers to regional powers in conflicts, like the Gulf countries in West Asia.
- India's historical non-alignment policy has evolved into a multi-alignment strategy, focusing on strengthening bilateral ties.
International Expectations
As the world's fifth-largest economy and a thriving democracy, India has global aspirations, including a permanent United Nations Security Council (UNSC) seat. The international community expects India to take on a more significant role in global affairs. India's abstention from UNSC votes on the Ukraine war reflects its strategic positioning, influencing other developing countries.
Potential Risks of Inaction
- If India remains passive, nations like Türkiye, Saudi Arabia, or Qatar may fill the void in regions where India has significant stakes.
- Recent diplomatic engagements, such as Saudi Arabia hosting U.S.-Russia talks, highlight the shifting dynamics and India's potential marginalization.
Strategic Shifts Needed
In the current global reset, with the U.S. and parts of Europe leaning right and trade protectionism rising, India must engage more proactively. This includes strengthening alignments with global allies outside its immediate region.
Regional and Global Engagements
- India's regional policy should focus on more than just bilateral ties, particularly in Central Asia and West Asia.
- India needs to revisit its stance toward regional groupings like the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and RCEP.
- Strengthening ties with Europe and pursuing a bilateral trade agreement with the U.S. could enhance India's global presence.
Conclusion
India has the opportunity to reshape its geopolitical role in the emerging world order. By practicing multi-alignment in all dimensions, India can emerge as a major global player. Engaging proactively in conflicts, without necessitating a mediatory role, will allow India to contribute effectively to international peace and security.
