Water Level Concerns in Naini Lake
The Naini Lake, a prominent attraction in Nainital, has recorded a water level of 4.7 feet, marking a five-year low. This raises concerns about potential drinking water scarcity as the lake might approach its "zero level," which refers to water levels below the normal gauge, not a complete dry-up.
Lake Details and Water Supply
- The lake's deepest point is 89 feet with a gauge level set at 12 feet.
- Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan extracts 10 million litres daily from the lake for the city's drinking water.
Decreasing Snowfall and Rainfall
Recent decreases in snowfall and rainfall during winter, alongside long-term lake management issues, contribute to the declining water levels. The lake fulfills 76% of Nainital’s water demand, as reported in 2024.
Impact of Human Activities
- Unplanned construction, encroachment, and recharge zone degradation are significant issues.
- Concrete structures near the lake reduce rainwater infiltration.
- Encroachment and illegal construction reduce the catchment area.
- Pollution from untreated wastewater and solid waste disposal worsens the lake's condition.
Climate Change Effects
- Climate Trends reports a 1.5°C increase in Uttarakhand’s temperature between 1970 and 2022.
- Annual rainfall decreased from 2400 mm in 2022 to 2000 mm in 2024, affecting snowfall days.
Rejuvenation Efforts
Numerous petitions have been filed regarding lake conservation, with the Supreme Court previously banning commercial complex projects in 1993. However, construction continues, including homestays and wetland projects.
Recent Legal Actions
- In 2021, a PIL was filed about Sukhatal Lake's revamp, leading to a temporary construction suspension by the High Court.
- The High Court later allowed beautification efforts to proceed under certain conditions.
Conservation Recommendations
Environmental scientists emphasize understanding catchment areas and critical recharge zones in planning. Prioritizing the rejuvenation of natural processes over tourism is recommended.
