Introduction
The Union Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs has decided to include caste enumeration in the upcoming census. This marks the first instance since Independence, aside from data collection on Scheduled Castes and Tribes, with the last broader caste data collected in 1931. This decision has bipartisan support, aligning with the 2024 Lok Sabha election promises of Opposition parties including the Congress.
Implications of Caste Enumeration
The implications of caste data collection are notable, especially as the need for a regular census has become pressing. The previous census was postponed due to the pandemic. Since 2011, India has transformed significantly, evolving from a $1.8 trillion economy to potentially surpassing the $5 trillion mark by the next census.
- The inclusion of caste data may delay the census further, potentially after 2026, aligning with constitutional requirements for parliamentary constituency delimitation.
- Results could deepen social divisions, requiring careful management. Southern states express concerns about reduced Lok Sabha representation.
- Political parties may push for caste-based legislative reservations.
Merits and Risks of Collecting Caste Data
There are both advantages and risks in gathering caste data.
- Advantages: Informed policymaking through data on socioeconomic aspects.
- Risks: Potential for misuse in politics, exacerbating societal divides. Smaller caste groups risk political marginalization.
Consequences and Political Dynamics
Demand for higher reservations is a possible consequence of caste enumeration. Opposition leader has already called for lifting the reservation cap and implementing quotas in private educational institutions.
- The caste census highlights broader political issues. It underscores the Indian state's failure to address fundamental needs such as a robust education system and economic opportunities for the masses.
- Caste enumeration and reservation realignment alone may not substantially advance India without addressing these core issues.