Thailand Anthrax Outbreak
Thailand is facing an anthrax outbreak in a northeastern province. This has prompted the issuance of a health alert after three cases were reported, including one fatality. The outbreak is suspected to be linked to the butchering of cattle and distribution of contaminated beef.
Anthrax Overview
Anthrax is a serious infection caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, affecting both animals and humans. Human infection can occur through contact with infected animals or products.
Types of Anthrax Infections
- Cutaneous: Most common form, occurs through skin cuts. Symptoms include a raised bump that turns into a painless sore with a black center.
- Inhalation: Most severe form, caused by inhaling spores. Initial symptoms resemble a cold but can escalate to respiratory distress.
- Gastrointestinal: Results from consuming contaminated meat. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea.
- Metalwork: Rare, seen in welders; causes severe pneumonia.
- Injections: Seen in drug users; affects deeper tissues.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Early diagnosis involves tests like skin lesion tests and chest X-rays. Treatment typically includes a 60-day antibiotic course, with severe cases requiring antitoxins and supportive care.
In Thailand, 636 people were given doxycycline as a preventive measure.
Travel Advisory
Travel to Thailand remains safe but with cautions. Avoid raw meat, handle animals cautiously, and adhere to public health advisories.
Prevention Measures
- Avoid contact with contaminated products.
- Cook meat thoroughly.
- Use protective gear when handling animals.
- Vaccinate livestock in high-risk areas.
- Educate on risks and prevention.
Anthrax in India
Anthrax is endemic in several Indian states like Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. Odisha reported 1,208 human cases with 436 deaths over 15 years. Karnataka recorded 541 livestock outbreaks between 1987-2016.
Cost of Treatment in India
Generic antibiotics are affordable in India, costing around ₹1.50 per tablet, but advanced treatments like antitoxins are expensive and less accessible.
