Genome-Edited Rice Varieties in India
India has recently introduced two genome-edited rice varieties, DRR Dhan 100 (Kamala) and Pusa DST Rice 1, marking a significant step in agricultural innovation. These varieties utilize Site Directed Nuclease 1 (SDN1) genome-editing technology.
Key Benefits and Features
- Yield Increase: Potential yield boost of up to 30% compared to their parent varieties, Samba Mahsuri and Cottondora Sannalu.
- Agronomic Advantages:
- Mature 15-20 days faster than conventional rice, facilitating quicker crop rotation.
- Require less water and have higher nitrogen-use efficiency.
- Environmental Impact:
- Address groundwater extraction issues, particularly in Punjab and Haryana.
- Provide resilience to drought, salinity, and soil degradation.
- Geographical Impact:
- Beneficial for regions like eastern Uttar Pradesh, coastal West Bengal, Odisha, and Maharashtra.
- Promote more equitable agricultural distribution and reduce ecological stress.
Regulatory and Ethical Considerations
Unlike traditional Genetically Modified (GM) organisms, SDN1 technology does not introduce foreign DNA, leading to fewer regulatory and ethical challenges.
- Regulatory Framework:
- Need for policy evolution to integrate these varieties into procurement and distribution.
- Training and guidelines for farmers to address biosafety concerns.
Genetically Modified Crops and Policy Implications
India's stance on GM crops is evolving, as seen in the 2022 approval of the GM mustard hybrid, DMH-11.
- Potential benefits of GM varieties include increased productivity, biotic stress resistance, and reduced input costs.
- The Supreme Court has directed the creation of a national policy on GM crops.
- Investment in agricultural research and biotechnology deployment is crucial, with current funding at ₹10,466 crore.
Enhancing biotechnology is essential for long-term food and nutritional security in India.