Autonomy for Climate Adaptation and Mitigation in Indian Citie
The World Bank's Country Director for India emphasizes the need for autonomy in Indian cities to effectively invest in climate change adaptation and mitigation. Cities that have greater decision-making power have shown better performance in resilience and resource management.
Financial Requirements and Legislative Framework
- The World Bank report estimates that Indian cities require $2.4 trillion by 2050 to build climate-resilient infrastructure and services.
- The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 aims to empower Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) but is not fully implemented across all states.
- It suggests a flexible implementation of the 74th Amendment based on local conditions to enhance city governance and accountability.
Urbanization and Associated Challenges
- India's urban population is projected to double to 951 million by 2050.
- By 2030, cities will generate 70% of all new employment.
- Key challenges include flooding and extreme heat.
- Annual flood-related losses could reach $5 billion by 2030 and $30 billion by 2070.
- Exposure to extreme heat stress has increased by 71% in major cities from 1983-1990 to 2010-2016.
Recommendations for Resilience
- Implement measures like urban greening, early warning systems, and cool roofs to reduce heat-related deaths by over 1.3 lakh annually.
- Develop a financing roadmap and engage the private sector in building municipal capacities.
- Encourage risk evaluation and mobilization of both public and private capital for adaptation efforts.
