Overview of the Grassland Bird Census in Kaziranga National Park

On July 27, during the "Mann ki Baat" radio programme, Prime Minister highlighted the "first-ever grassland bird census" in Assam’s Kaziranga National Park, emphasizing the use of technology in this initiative. The census aimed to record grassland bird populations between March 18 and May 25, conducted by forest officials, scientists, and conservationists.

Methodology of the Bird Census

• Focus was placed on 10 species either globally threatened or endemic to the Brahmaputra floodplains, including the Bengal Florican and Swamp Francolin.
• A total of 43 grassland bird species were recorded, including 1 Critically Endangered, 2 Endangered, and 6 Vulnerable species as per the IUCN Red List.
• Unique methodology included passive acoustic recording, using recorders placed in tall trees during the breeding season to capture bird songs.

Significance of the Findings

• Grassland birds act as indicators of ecosystem health, similar to BMI for humans.
• The discovery of a breeding colony of the endangered Finn’s Weaver was a significant finding, with over 85 nests located.

Threats to Grassland Birds

• Assam has lost approximately 70% of its grasslands over four decades due to anthropogenic factors like overgrazing and cultivation.
• Natural ecological succession poses a threat, as grasslands tend to transition to forests over time.
• Climate change may potentially influence the decline of certain species like the Bengal Florican.