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India launches NASA-ISRO earth observation satellite  | Current Affairs | Vision IAS

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India launches NASA-ISRO earth observation satellite 

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ISRO's Successful Launch of NISAR Satellite

On July 30, 2025, ISRO successfully launched the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) satellite from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

Launch Details

  • The satellite was carried by the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-F16).
  • The satellite was injected into a sun-synchronous orbit 18 minutes later.

Key Features of NISAR

  • NISAR is the first satellite jointly developed by ISRO and NASA.
  • It has a mission life of five years.
  • Equipped with dual-frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR): NASA's L-band and ISRO's S-band.
  • Uses NASA’s 12-meter unfurlable mesh reflector antenna and ISRO’s modified I3K satellite bus.
  • Utilizes SweepSAR technology for observing the earth with a 242 km swath and high spatial resolution.

Applications and Capabilities

  • Provides all-weather, day-and-night data at 12-day intervals.
  • Detects small changes on earth such as ground deformation, ice sheet movement, and vegetation dynamics.
  • Additional applications include sea ice classification, ship detection, shoreline monitoring, storm characterization, soil moisture changes, surface water resource mapping, and disaster response. 

Significance

  • This is the first instance of a GSLV placing a satellite in a sun-synchronous polar orbit.
  • Success follows earlier setbacks in ISRO's previous missions, notably the PSLV-C61/EOS-09 and NVS-02 satellite missions.
  • Tags :
  • NISAR Satellite
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