Disaster Risk Reduction in India
India employs a multi-faceted approach to disaster risk reduction (DRR) due to its vulnerability to various hazards, including extreme weather events. The process is overseen by the Ministry of Home Affairs and the National Disaster Management Authority, guided by the Prime Minister’s Ten Point Agenda on Disaster Risk Reduction established in 2016.
15th Finance Commission's Role
- The 15th Finance Commission allocated ₹2.28 lakh crore over five years to DRR, shifting focus from post-disaster relief to include prevention, mitigation, preparedness, capacity building, and reconstruction.
- Funds distribution:
- 30% for preparedness and capacity building (10%) and mitigation (20%).
- 70% for post-disaster response (40%) and reconstruction (30%).
Pre-disaster and Post-disaster Phases
- Five priority areas identified for nature-based DRR:
- Evaluating and prioritizing multi-hazard challenges.
- Integrating scientific mitigation and reconstruction into public finance.
- Avoiding duplication with existing programs.
- Synergizing inter-ministerial and Centre-State relationships.
- Establishing light-touch regulation processes.
- Approved reconstruction projects worth ₹5,000 crore for five states: Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Assam, and Kerala.
Capacity Building and Mitigation Strategies
- Modernizing fire safety with ₹5,000 crore and establishing geo-spatial training labs.
- Two volunteer groups formed: Apda Mitra and Yuva Apda Mitra.
- Developing innovative projects worth ₹10,000 crore for mitigation, focusing on nature-based solutions.
Advanced Systems and International Coordination
- Early warning systems and the Common Alerting Protocol implemented to reduce casualties.
- School and community safety programs enhanced through training and resources.
- International initiatives, such as the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure, align India's DRR efforts globally.
Conclusion
India’s comprehensive approach to DRR, integrating finance, technology, and international coordination, addresses both current challenges and future risks, emphasizing sustainable, nature-based solutions.
