Uranium Contamination in Breastmilk: A Study in Bihar
Current research highlights the critical need to monitor U238 in Bihar due to potential health risks. A recent study found alarming uranium levels in the breastmilk of lactating mothers in Bihar, raising health concerns for infants.
Key Findings
- The study analyzed breast milk from 40 lactating mothers, detecting uranium (U-238) in all samples.
- 70% of infants presented potential non-carcinogenic health risks, though overall uranium levels were below permissible limits.
- The highest average contamination was recorded in Khagaria district, and the highest individual level in Katihar district.
- Uranium exposure may impair neurological development and reduce IQ, but breastfeeding should continue unless clinically advised otherwise.
Health Implications
- 70% of infants had a Hazard Quotient (HQ) > 1, suggesting non-carcinogenic health risks from uranium exposure through breast milk.
- Risks include:
- Kidney development issues.
- Neurological and cognitive impairments.
- Mental health concerns, including potential neurodevelopmental delays.
Despite these risks, the study concludes that the actual health impact is likely low, as mothers primarily excrete uranium through urine.
Further Research and Recommendations
- Further studies in other states are necessary to understand the presence of heavy metals and their health impacts.
- The study suggests ongoing biomonitoring of toxic contaminants, including environmental pollutants like pesticides, in breast milk.
Global Context
- The WHO's provisional limit for uranium in drinking water is 30 micrograms per liter, with stricter limits in some countries.
- In India, uranium contamination affects 1.7% of groundwater sources across 18 states, including Bihar.
- Elevated uranium levels have been noted globally, though consistent clinical symptoms have not been observed.
The research underscores the urgent need for monitoring U238 in Bihar to mitigate health risks to mothers and infants.