Thailand-Cambodia Conflict Overview

The ongoing conflict between Thailand and Cambodia focuses on military engagements and territorial disputes, with recent airstrikes exacerbating tensions.

Recent Military Engagements

• On December 8, Thailand launched airstrikes targeting military positions in Cambodia following the killing of Thai soldiers, which Cambodia denies initiating.
• Cambodia claims the Thai attack was unprovoked, and three Cambodian civilians were injured.
• Thousands were evacuated on both sides of the border due to the conflict.

Historical Context

• Both countries signed a peace deal in October, mediated by Malaysia and supported by the US.
• Previous skirmishes included a May incident where a Cambodian soldier was killed, sparking nationalist rhetoric and diplomatic tensions.
• Historical disputes date back to 1907 when France, then the colonial power in Cambodia, defined the border.

Central Dispute: Preah Vihear Temple

• The temple is significant both culturally and religiously and is claimed by both nations.
• Built in the 11th and 12th centuries during the Khmer Empire, it has been a focal point of the conflict.
• The International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled in favor of Cambodia in 1962 and reaffirmed in 2013; however, the judgment hasn't resolved tensions.

Current Diplomatic Challenges

• Thailand accuses Cambodia of laying landmines, a claim Cambodia denies.
• Thailand's Prime Minister demands Cambodia meet conditions such as mine removal and border management.
• Despite cultural and historical ties, nationalism fuels the dispute, with both nations claiming original ownership of heritage sites.