Innovations in Renewable Energy and Agriculture in India
Introduction
In Odisha, a group of women farmers transformed rising temperatures into a sustainable opportunity by leveraging renewable energy solutions in agriculture.
Case Study: Markoma Women Farmer Producer Company (FPO)
- Supported by the Harsha Trust, this FPO consists of over 460 farmers.
- They established a 5 metric tonne solar-powered cold storage unit to aid local vegetable growers.
- This initiative began in 2018 after a thorough assessment of farmers' needs.
- Achievements include:
- Reduced post-harvest losses.
- Improved productivity and stabilized prices.
- Increased awareness of solar technology in surrounding communities.
Challenges in Food Preservation and Energy Dependence
- India loses 30-40% of its fruit and vegetables post-harvest due to poor energy-dependent processes in transport, storage, and processing.
- Emphasis is often placed on infrastructure, neglecting the energy systems that support them.
- Unreliable energy leads to spoilage, distress sales, and increased emissions.
Potential of Decentralised Renewable Energy (DRE) in Agriculture
- Renewable energy in agriculture is transformative yet under-discussed.
- DRE solutions like solar mini-grids and hybrid systems can power local agricultural facilities, reducing grid reliance.
- Government schemes such as PM-KUSUM and the National Solar Mission enhance renewable energy access.
- Better policy coordination between agriculture and energy sectors is needed for effective implementation.
Employment and Skills Development
- The International Labour Organization estimates 3.7 million new green jobs in India, largely in renewable energy and agriculture linkages.
- Jobs span technical infrastructure and local employment in cold chain and processing management.
Integration of Digital and Energy Solutions
- Platforms like ITC MAARS offer AI-based crop advisory but need energy infrastructure for real-world applications.
- The combination of smart advisory and renewable energy enhances rural resilience.
Local Innovations and Adaptations
- Rural communities often use "jugaad" — innovative, low-cost solutions using local knowledge.
- Examples include solar dryers and mobile cold storages.
- Horizontal replication of locally adapted solutions is more effective than scaling up.
Future Directions
- Linking renewable energy with food systems should be a national priority for achieving net-zero targets by 2070.
- Targeted financing and skills training are needed to overcome upfront costs and challenges faced by farmer collectives.
- Local, community-led solutions are essential for sustainable energy transitions.
These insights highlight the significant role of renewable energy in revolutionizing agriculture in India, emphasizing the need for integrated, community-driven approaches.
