Galaxy Frogs: Threats and Conservation Concerns
The galaxy frog (Melanobatrachus indicus), a rare and striking amphibian native to Kerala's Western Ghats, is noted for its shiny, black skin adorned with pale blue speckles and orange patterns, reminiscent of a starry night and supernova explosions. These frogs, however, are facing the threat of extinction.
Study Findings
A report titled ‘Unethical wildlife photography imperils the Western Ghats endemic galaxy frog’ outlines the adverse effects of wildlife photography on these frogs.
- Seven galaxy frogs vanished after photographers disturbed their habitat, likely causing their death.
- Photographers often dislocated logs and used bare hands to manipulate frog habitats for better photos.
- High-powered camera flashes and alterations to the microhabitat were significant disturbances.
Conservation Challenges
The galaxy frogs are listed as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Their population is threatened by:
- Conversion of forest land to agriculture.
- Firewood collection and landslides.
- Photo tourism, especially after being named a flagship species of Mathikettan Shola National Park in 2021.
Impact of Human Activity
According to Varad Giri of the Reliance Foundation, the frogs require specific ecological conditions to survive. Disruptions such as:
- Human movement affecting mating, which relies on auditory signals.
- Handling without gloves and exposure to camera flashes impacting skin respiration and moisture levels.
- Risk of pathogen transfer from humans to frogs.
Recommendations
The study recommends establishing ethical standards in wildlife photography:
- Restricting the capture, handling, and chasing of animals.
- Minimizing high-intensity light usage and using diffusers.
- Avoiding disturbance to the natural behavior of animals and their microhabitat.
It suggests collaboration between forest and tourism departments to train guides working with nature photographers. Giri advocates for leaving rare species like galaxy frogs undisturbed, emphasizing respect for nature over photography.
