Security Landscape for India in 2026

The security situation in India during 2026 is expected to remain largely similar to that of 2025, despite geopolitical tensions globally. India faces challenges in its regional environment, influenced by uncertainties in neighboring countries such as Bangladesh and Pakistan. The strategic focus will be on handling complex multi-front threats while adapting to changing dynamics in international relations.

Operation Sindoor and Air Force Strategy

• Operation Sindoor: This operation has reshaped India's national security strategy by emphasizing a more assertive approach involving "prevention, pre-emption, and punishment" against adversaries like Pakistan.
• Indian Air Force Role: The IAF has emerged as a pivotal force with enhanced precision capabilities and effective integrated air defense systems, marking a significant shift in military doctrine.

Left-Wing Extremism (LWE) Reduction

• From 120 affected districts in 10 states between 2006-2016, only 11 districts remain affected by LWE as of 2025, with only 3 classified as most affected.
• The success is attributed to a combined strategy of kinetic and non-traditional approaches.
• Future strategies will focus on integrating surrendered cadres through good governance and development initiatives.

India's Relations with Neighbors

• Bangladesh: Political instability here poses security risks for India, with potential internal threats from radical Islamist groups.
• Pakistan: The relationship remains strained due to Pakistan's continued proxy war strategy and military alliances with countries like Saudi Arabia and Turkey.
• China: While tensions have eased slightly, military build-up along the LAC and Chinese advancements in military technology continue to pose challenges.

Challenges and Strategic Focus

• Multi-Domain Threats: India must address the increasing threats from multi-domain capabilities, particularly from China.
• Regional Turbulence: The focus will be on managing regional instability while seeking to craft asymmetric strategies against more powerful adversaries.

In conclusion, 2026 presents a year of significant security challenges for India, necessitating careful navigation of its regional environment and the development of nuanced strategies to counter diverse threats. The views presented are personal insights from Arjun Subramaniam, a retired Air Vice Marshal from the IAF.