Impact of Climate Change on Natural Colours

The colours of the natural world are evolving due to climate change, impacting the environment and species adaptation. More than half of the oceans have turned greener over the past two decades, and forests are browning prematurely.

Flora and Fauna Colour Changes

• Colours are crucial for survival, aiding in predator evasion, mate attraction, and heat management.
• A study in Biodiversity and Conservation notes deforestation in the Amazon leads to less vibrant butterflies, especially in disturbed areas.
• Historically, the Industrial Revolution saw similar effects, with darker peppered moths becoming more common due to soot-darkened trees.

Melanin and Temperature Adaptation

• Animals may produce less melanin in response to global warming, leading to lighter coloration.
• Insects such as ladybirds and dragonflies are turning lighter in temperate regions due to heatwaves.
• In line with Bogert’s and Gloger’s rules, colour adaptations are seen according to regional climates.

Urbanization and Pollution Effects

• Urban birds in China are darker due to pollution, potentially linked to heavy metals binding with melanin.
• Changes in plant pigments affect animal interactions, with urban plants producing fewer carotenoids.

Coral Bleaching and Marine Ecosystems

• Coral bleaching in India's coastal waters threatens marine biodiversity by disrupting reef structures.
• Algal blooms increase ocean greenness, affecting photosynthesis and oxygen levels.

Conservation and Restoration Efforts

• Minimizing colour changes is key to climate action, though research gaps exist in the southern hemisphere.
• Strategies include monitoring and preserving microhabitats to prevent overheating in dark-coloured insects.
• Regenerating forest areas and regulating coastal development can positively affect ecosystem colours.