Introduction to Bharat Cancer Genome Initiatives
The Indian Institute of Technology (Madras) launched the Bharat Cancer Genome Atlas (BCGA) and the Bharat Cancer Genome Grid (BCG2) to create a public database of Indian cancer genomes and assist doctors in treatment.
Significance and Current Challenges
- The Indian Council of Medical Research states that one in nine Indians may develop cancer, with 2.5 million people already living with the disease and a 12.8% annual increase in incidence since 2022.
- Indian patients are underrepresented in global cancer-genome studies, which predominantly reflect Western populations.
- The atlas aims to map India-specific cancer patterns to improve diagnosis, monitor disease progression, and support drug development.
Changing Disease Burden and Access Issues
- Non-communicable diseases account for over 57% of deaths in India.
- Advanced diagnostic access is uneven, although genomic test costs have decreased by 30-40% in recent years.
- Barriers include a shortage of trained professionals and limited insurance coverage, especially affecting lower-income patients.
- Advanced treatment facilities are concentrated in large cities, increasing costs for rural patients.
Government Measures and Future Needs
- The Union Budget 2026-27 increased health allocations by nearly 10%, promoted domestic biopharmaceutical manufacturing, and exempted Customs duties on 17 cancer drugs.
- Advanced therapies can cost ₹2 lakh to ₹10 lakh per month, necessitating prevention strategies to avoid advanced disease stages.
- Recommendations include wider insurance coverage, availability of diagnostics, and trained clinicians beyond major cities.
- Investment in genomic research, workforce training, and rural screening programs is essential for affordable and accessible cancer care.
