Global Radiation Protection Framework
The linear no-threshold (LNT) model and the ALARA principle have been foundational to radiation protection for decades.
Linear No-Threshold (LNT) Model
- A framework suggesting any ionising radiation, regardless of dose, poses some cancer risk.
- The risk is assumed to increase linearly with the dose.
As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA)
- An operational philosophy balancing safety, feasibility, cost, and societal needs.
- Aims to reduce exposure through engineering controls and encourages a safety culture.
While these principles are key to radiation protection, misapplication has led to problems. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is updating its guidelines.
Recent Developments and Challenges
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) eliminated ALARA, deviating from international practices. This shift might be politically motivated and could undermine protection.
International Reactions
- Organizations like the ICRP, U.N. Scientific Committee, WHO, and NRC still support LNT.
- No concrete evidence supports replacing LNT with models like hormesis, which suggests low doses are harmless.
Public Perception and Trust
Changes in radiation policy can affect public trust, especially near nuclear facilities. Critics emphasize engaging the public transparently to prevent opposition to nuclear projects.
Scientific Studies and Evidence
Recent studies, including the 'Million Person Study', suggest potential cancer effects at low doses. Such evidence requires attention from the ICRP.
Communication and Trust
Effective communication on nuclear issues remains critical. Scientists must convey consensus transparently to maintain public trust.
India's Role
India has consistently adhered to international radiation protection standards and should continue this practice.
K.S. Parthasarathy is the former secretary of the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board.
