Sudan's Ongoing Conflict: An Overview
Sudan continues to face a grave humanitarian crisis as the conflict between the military and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) enters its fourth year. The situation, labeled as an "abandoned crisis", is further overshadowed by new conflicts in the Middle East.
Humanitarian Challenge and Displacement
- Over 13 million people have been displaced due to the conflict.
- Sudan is described as the world's largest humanitarian challenge, especially in terms of displacement and hunger.
- At least 59,000 people have died; 6,000 in a three-day outbreak in el-Fasher, characterized as genocide by UN-backed experts.
Famine and Health Crisis
- Famine conditions are developing, with severe acute malnutrition affecting 800,000 people.
- Approximately 34 million people require assistance.
- Only 63% of health facilities remain functional amid disease outbreaks like cholera.
Economic Strain
- Fuel prices have surged over 24% due to external conflicts, exacerbating food price hikes.
International Involvement and Response
- Attempts by the US and regional powers to mediate have failed, partly due to distractions from the Iran war.
- Regional powers like the UAE are accused of supporting RSF, though the UAE denies these claims.
Power Struggle and Regional Division
- The conflict originates from a power struggle post-transition to democracy after overthrowing dictator Omar al-Bashir.
- The military controls the north, east, and central regions, while the RSF holds Darfur and parts of Kordofan.
Violence and Atrocities
- Widespread atrocities, including mass killings and sexual violence, have been reported.
- Hospitals and medical personnel have been targeted, with over 2,000 killed.
- The International Criminal Court is investigating potential war crimes, especially in Darfur.
Current Status and International Stance
- Despite some people returning to their homes, infrastructure challenges persist.
- International bodies and aid groups criticize the lack of focus on resolving the crisis.
