Report titled ‘400 Million Dreams’ highlights the changing patterns of migration in India since 2011 Census.

• Internal/Domestic migration refers to movement of people within a country from one region to another.
  • Push factors: Lack of job opportunities, natural disaster, lack of quality education and healthcare facilities, etc.
  • Pull factors: Economic opportunities, higher standard of living, peace and stability, etc.

Key findings of report

• Reduction in Domestic Migrant Numbers: By about 12% from 45.57 crore to 40.20 crore in 2023 with migration rate dropping from ~38% to an estimated ~29% in 2023.
• Migration Dynamics: 
  • Short-distance migration is predominant, with distance negatively affecting labour mobility.
  • Migration originates primarily from areas around major urban centers like Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, and Kolkata
• Major Migration Routes: UP-Delhi, Gujarat-Maharashtra, Telangana-AP, Bihar-Delhi (state level).
• Increase in Migrant Share: West Bengal, Rajasthan, and Karnataka have seen an increase in percentage of arriving migrants.
• Decrease in Migrant Share: Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh experienced reduction in their share of total migrants.

Reasons for decline in migrant numbers

• Improved infrastructure (roads, education, healthcare, public transport), social security nets etc. at place of origin.
• Localized economic growth creating jobs closer to rural areas.