NDCs embody efforts by each country to reduce national emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change under Article 4 of the Paris Agreement 2015.

• The report finds that the NDCs submitted by 64 Parties, that account for 30% of global emissions in 2019, falls short of the emission reductions necessary to limiting global warming to 1.5 °C.
• To achieve this goal of 1.5 °C, the required emissions cuts must be 60% by 2035.
  • However, the NDCs are only estimated to result in a 17% decline by 2035.
• Additionally, according to WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin, the levels carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in the atmosphere, reached new records in 2024.

Other Key highlights of the Synthesis Report

• Emission Trajectories: Implementation of new NDCs will result in a peaking of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, followed by strong reductions until 2035.
• Scope Progression: New NDCs show improved quality and credibility, with 89% of Parties communicating economy-wide targets, compared with 81% previously.
• Conditionality Gap: Measures for critical mitigation options like afforestation and reforestation and solar energy have high conditionality gaps, indicating they depend significantly on external support.
• Private Finance: Difficulties persist in mobilizing private finance due to low profitability.