Project to strengthen Grassroots Biodiversity Governance in Tamil Nadu and Meghalaya | Current Affairs | Vision IAS

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In Summary

  • Project launched by MoEFCC & NBA, a joint initiative of GoI, GEF, UNDP with a USD 4.88M grant for 5 years.
  • Focuses on mainstreaming biodiversity into local plans, promoting innovative financing, and capacity building for women, SCs, and tribal communities.
  • The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 establishes a three-tier governance structure: NBA, SBBs, and BMCs for biodiversity conservation and ABS.

In Summary

The Project titled ‘Strengthening Institutional Capacities for Securing Biodiversity Conservation Commitments’ has been launched by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change and National Biodiversity Authority (NBA).

About Project

  • Joint initiative: of Government of India, Global Environment Facility (GEF) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
  • Financial grant: USD 4.88 million.
  • Time Period: for 5 years (2025–2030).
  • Location: 
    • In Tamil Nadu: Sathyamangalam landscape at the confluence of the Western and Eastern Ghats, encompassing the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve and Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve.
    • In Meghalaya: the Nokrek Biosphere Reserve, Balpakram National Park, and Siju Wildlife Sanctuary in Garo Hills.
  • Objectives: 
    • Mainstream biodiversity into local plans to strengthen PRIs and BMCs.
    • Promote innovative financing (CSR co-financing, green micro-enterprises).
    • Build capacity of women, SCs, and tribal communities.
    • Advance updated National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2024–2030), India’s NDCs under Paris Agreement, etc.

Biodiversity Governance Framework in India

  • The Biological Diversity Act (BDA), 2002 provides for conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its components and fair and fair Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) for the utilization of genetic resources.
    • BDA was enacted to fulfill India's obligations under the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
  • Three-Tier Structure: 
    • National Biodiversity Authority (NBA): Operates at the national level to regulate access to biological resources by foreign entities, the transfer of research results abroad, and applications for Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs).
    • State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs): Regulates access to resources by Indian citizens and entities for commercial purposes at the state level.
    • Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs): Local self-government institutions tasked with documenting local biodiversity and traditional knowledge in People’s Biodiversity Registers (PBRs).
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RELATED TERMS

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Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)

The climate action targets that countries set for themselves under the Paris Agreement to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change. The article suggests including grasslands in NDCs.

National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP)

A country-specific plan developed under the CBD to implement its objectives. India's NBSAP has been aligned with the KMGBF, outlining National Biodiversity Targets (NBTs) and indicators for progress.

People’s Biodiversity Registers (PBRs)

Registers maintained by Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) at the local level to document the biodiversity and associated traditional knowledge present within their jurisdiction.

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