Internal Migration in India: Historical and Contemporary Context

Internal migration has been an integral part of India's socio-economic fabric for centuries. This movement of people within the country has historical roots and continues to evolve in response to various factors.

Historical Perspective

• In the 19th century, communities such as: 
  • Marwaris from Rajasthan were known as businessmen in the eastern regions of India.
  • Marathas served as warriors in the northwestern and southern parts of the country.
  • Bengalis, Tamils, and Telugus were employed across the nation by the John Company and later by the British imperial government.

Contemporary Trends

• Factors influencing increased internal migration: 
  • Economic Development: Growth in various sectors has created opportunities, prompting people to move for better prospects.
  • Education: The spread of education has empowered individuals to seek opportunities beyond their traditional home regions.
  • Youth Demographic: A significant youth population is contributing to the rise in internal migration as they seek employment and other opportunities.
• The Covid-19 lockdown highlighted the scale of internal migration as special trains and buses were organized to transport migrant workers back to their native places.