Akash Missile System: Overview and Development
The Akash missile system is an indigenously developed surface-to-air missile system crucial for India's defense strategy. Developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), it is operational with both the Indian Air Force (IAF) and the Indian Army.
Development History
- The development of Akash began in the late 1980s as part of the DRDO’s Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme.
- Initial trials took place in the late 1990s and early 2000s, with final user trials leading to its induction by the IAF in 2014 and the Army in 2015.
Key Features
- Indigenization: Akash is 96% indigenous, involving over 250 industries, with Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) and Bharat Dynamics Limited leading production.
- Technology: Utilizes a 3D Central Acquisition Radar with 120 km coverage and Rajendra radar with 80 km coverage for tracking and guiding missiles.
- Missile Capabilities: Propelled by a ramjet engine, Akash can reach speeds of up to Mach 2.5, equipped with a 55 kg pre-fragmented warhead activated by a proximity fuse.
Operational Strengths
Accuracy and Mobility
- Renowned for accuracy and maneuverability, with rapid response from target detection to neutralization.
- Complete system is mobile, allowing quick deployment and redeployment via road or rail.
Resilience
- Equipped with electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM) for resilience against electronic countermeasures (ECM) by enemies.
Recent Developments
Advanced Variants
- Akash Prime: Enhanced for better reliability in low temperature and high altitude conditions, incorporates an indigenous active radio frequency seeker.
- Akash-NG (New Generation): Designed to intercept high maneuvering aerial threats with a low radar cross section, featuring an extended range of 70 km, it has a smaller ground system footprint.
Export Potential
- In December 2020, the Union Cabinet approved the export of Akash, tailored differently from the version used by Indian forces.