Census in India
The Union Home Ministry has announced that the next Census will occur in two phases, with the reference date for enumeration set as March 1, 2027.
Historical Context
- The concept of Census finds roots in ancient India, referenced in texts like Kautilya’s Arthashastra and Ain-i-Akbari.
- The first synchronous Census in India was conducted in 1881 under British rule.
Legislation and Administration
- The Census is governed under the Census Act, 1948, a Union list subject.
- The Central government appoints a Census Commissioner to supervise operations.
- State governments appoint Census officers, with staff primarily consisting of local teachers.
Census Phases
- First Phase: House Listing
- Collects housing data over 5-6 months.
- In 2011, included 35 questions on type of house, drinking water source, facilities, etc.
- Second Phase: Population Enumeration
- Conducted in February, with March 1 as the reference date.
- Collects individual details like name, age, religion, SC/ST status, etc.
Significance of the 2027 Census
- The 2027 Census is significant for three main reasons:
- Caste Enumeration: First Census to enumerate caste details of all Hindus post-Independence.
- Delimitation Exercise: Used for determining revised Lok Sabha and State Assembly seats post-2026.
- Women’s Reservation: Forms the basis for reserving one-third seats for women.
Challenges and Considerations
- Preparatory work for caste enumeration requires adequate time.
- Concerns from southern and smaller northern and northeastern States about losing political significance in delimitation.
- Consensus needed among States on the increase in Lok Sabha seats.