Significance of the 2027 Census
The 2027 Census in India is not just a technical exercise of counting the population. It transforms a population into a political community, influencing how they govern and allocate resources. Like the COVID-19 pandemic, it holds significant impact, akin to a centennial event.
Key Aspects of the Census
- The census will count the total population under various categories, including:
- Rural and urban distribution
- Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST)
- Economic activity and literacy
- Housing and household amenities
- Migration, fertility, and mortality
- The census also updates the administrative map of the country.
Impact on Political Demography
Demographic trends such as migration and language shifts have political implications. The census recording influences these processes, contributing to political demography, a field linking demography and politics.
Parliamentary Representation and Delimitation
- Article 81 mandates redistribution of parliamentary seats based on population, after the first census post-2026.
- The 2021 Census delay has advanced the delimitation process, potentially influencing the 2029 general election.
- Population distribution as the sole criterion for seat allocation could shift political power between regions.
Caste and Gender Dynamics
- For the first time since Independence, all castes will be counted separately, which may influence quota demands.
- The next delimitation will allocate one-third of seats to women in Parliament and Assemblies.
Simultaneous Elections and Political Unity
The Centre aims for simultaneous elections, aligning with the renegotiation of India's unity contract, involving religion, caste, and region. The Census 2027 and these political changes could unleash unpredictable forces.
Sixteenth Finance Commission
- Set to work from April 1, 2026, with recommendations due by October 31, 2025.
- Its report is crucial during political power realignment across social groups and regions.
