Indigenous Aircraft Development in India

Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA)

The AMCA is a fifth-generation stealth fighter project, promising advancements like super-cruise capability, internal weapons bays, and advanced avionics. It represents a significant milestone in Indian aerospace history, though India remains heavily dependent on imported engines, posing a challenge to its full potential.

Historical Context: HF-24 Marut

The HF-24 Marut, India's first indigenously designed fighter jet, launched in the 1950s, was an ambitious project led by renowned German engineer Kurt Tank. Despite its sleek design and potential, it was hindered by underpowered British-made engines, limiting its effectiveness in combat roles.

• Marut's production was limited to 147 units and was retired by 1990.
• Engine inadequacy was a persistent issue, highlighting the importance of robust propulsion technology.

Challenges in Indigenous Engine Development

India's attempts to develop indigenous engines have faced significant hurdles, as exemplified by the Kaveri engine project.

• The DRDO's Gas Turbine Research Establishment initiated the project in 1989, spending around ₹2032 crore, but failed to meet performance benchmarks.
• Efforts to revive the project and collaborate with international partners have been unsuccessful.
• The dependency on foreign engines, such as the GE F404-IN20 for the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA), continues to pose challenges.

Current Dependence on Foreign Engines

India's reliance on foreign engines extends across its armed forces, affecting the Army and Navy as well.

• The Army's Arjun Main Battle Tank uses a German engine, while the Navy relies on various foreign engines for its vessels.
• Delays in foreign engine supplies have impacted production and upgrades, as seen with the LCA Mk1A.

Strategic Implications and Recommendations

Achieving aerospace and strategic autonomy requires significant investment in indigenous engine development.

• Disruptions in foreign engine supplies jeopardize military capability and restrict exports.
• Developing advanced jet engine technology is crucial for sustaining military readiness and ensuring credible deterrence.
• A comprehensive strategy involving structural reforms, political will, and an innovation ecosystem integrating private sector, academia, and defense R&D is essential.

India's broader ambitions in aviation and defense exports hinge on overcoming these challenges and achieving self-reliance in engine technology.