Lightning Strikes and Their Impact in India
Between April and July 2023, lightning claimed the lives of 1,621 people across India. The significant toll includes a tragic incident where 100 individuals, primarily farmers, were killed over three days in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. Historically, lightning has been the most deadly weather phenomenon in India, according to data from the World Meteorological Organisation and the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB).
Regions Most Affected
- Eastern India faces the highest risk, with lightning coinciding with peak agricultural activities like paddy sowing.
- Expanding lightning zones now include central, northern, north-eastern, and coastal regions, as well as the Himalayan foothills.
- States like Madhya Pradesh and districts such as Rajasthan’s Bikaner and Churu have become new hotspots.
Climate Change and Lightning
- Climate change is contributing to more frequent lightning by creating favorable conditions like increased heating and humidity.
- A 1°C rise in temperature could increase lightning activity by 10-12% due to heightened monsoon convection.
- Urbanization, land-use changes, and improved detection also add to the surge in lightning incidents.
Urban India and Lightning
- Urban areas face rising threats from lightning, affecting structures and causing economic and social repercussions.
- The urban heat island effect exacerbates conditions, leading to stronger updrafts and more intense storms.
Forecasting and Prevention Efforts
- IMD's forecasting accuracy has improved to 86%, with detailed alerts and real-time polygon maps.
- Despite improved forecasts, challenges remain with alert dissemination and public awareness.
- States like Odisha have started initiatives such as planting palm trees to mitigate lightning risk.
Government Initiatives
- A lightning mitigation project worth ₹186 crore has been launched for 50 districts across 10 states to reduce fatalities and damage.
- Efforts include real-time alerts through the DAMINI mobile app and awareness campaigns.
Conclusion and Recommendations
Experts emphasize the importance of last-mile connectivity for effective warning dissemination and behavioral change. Awareness campaigns and preventive measures are crucial for reducing lightning-related fatalities in both rural and urban settings.