India's Carbon Dioxide Emissions Overview
India's carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels are projected to increase by approximately 1.4% in 2025, a significant decrease from the 4% growth observed the previous year.
- In 2024, India's fossil fuel-related CO2 emissions were 3.19 billion tonnes.
- The emissions are estimated to rise to 3.22 billion tonnes in 2025.
Factors Influencing Emissions
- Monsoon Impact: An early monsoon reduced cooling requirements during the hottest months, leading to low growth in coal consumption.
- Renewable Energy Growth: Strong growth in renewables also contributed to the modest increase in emissions.
Fossil-related CO2 emissions encompass sectors such as electricity generation, transportation, industrial processes, buildings, and heating, accounting for about 90% of global CO2 emissions.
Global Context
The Global Carbon Project (GCP) tracks global carbon cycles and emissions, releasing an annual Global Carbon Budget study.
- The study aligns with COP30 in Brazil and is published in Nature.
- India's emissions growth has slowed on a decadal scale, reducing from 6.4% (2005-2014) to 3.6% (2015-2024).
Sector-Specific Insights
A separate analysis by the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air indicated a decline in CO2 emissions from India's electricity sector in the first half of the year, attributed to good monsoon rainfall.
Global Emission Trends
- Globally, CO2 emissions from fossil fuels are expected to increase by about 1.1%, reaching 38.1 billion tonnes in 2025.
- Emissions from land-use changes are projected to decline, keeping overall CO2 emissions relatively flat at around 42 billion tonnes.
