National Education Policy and Higher Education in India

The National Education Policy (NEP) is transforming Indian higher education by fostering flexibility in degree pathways and encouraging a holistic, multidisciplinary approach to education. This evolution is informed by the policy-driven success seen in countries like China, where consistent state support has improved education quality and scale. With India's large young population, the effective preparation of students for future roles is crucial for social and economic development.

Key Developments in Indian Higher Education

• Research and Innovation

  • The establishment of the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) and the Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme marks a dual-track approach to enhance research. ANRF focuses on long-term scientific research and collaboration, while the RDI Scheme emphasizes private-sector-driven innovation.

• Institutional Innovation

  • Indian higher education institutions are integrating life skills and apprenticeships, as seen with new undergraduate programs at several IIMs and the launch of new schools at Ashoka University.
  • The introduction of the Bachelor’s with Honours in Research enhances global competitiveness. Notably, 54 Indian universities featured in the QS World University Rankings 2026, a significant rise from previous years.

• Global Mobility

  • Over 1.25 million Indian students are studying abroad, but changes in visa regulations and geopolitical contexts are creating a need for robust domestic alternatives. Both foreign and Indian universities are expanding across borders.

Future Directions

• Regulatory Changes

  • The Viksit Bharat Shiksha Adhishthan Bill, 2025 aims to streamline the educational regulatory landscape by proposing a unified structure for oversight and accreditation, moving beyond narrow specializations to encourage interdisciplinary interaction.

• Integration of Artificial Intelligence

  • AI is increasingly being integrated into education, enhancing learning methods and institutional management. India's diverse educational context makes it a leader in applying AI in an impactful, localized manner.

• Focus on Science Education

  • To foster innovation, science education must become more experiential, with hands-on engagement and collaboration with industry for skill development.

Challenges and Opportunities

India is working towards a 50% gross enrollment ratio by 2035, requiring higher education to be treated as national infrastructure. Leveraging digital advancements can help overcome physical barriers to education. A commitment to high academic standards and fostering a love for learning will drive quality education, producing the talent needed for a Viksit Bharat.

Overall, the direction set by the NEP is promising, but sustained efforts, trust, and excellence are needed to maintain momentum and secure India's position on the global stage.