Introduction to Hexavalent Vaccine in India's Immunisation Programme
The introduction of the hexavalent (six-in-one) vaccine into India’s Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) offers potential improvements in efficiency as per a study conducted by the Union Health Ministry and several global health organizations.
About the Hexavalent Vaccine
- A combination vaccine protecting against six diseases:
- Diphtheria
- Tetanus
- Pertussis (whooping cough)
- Hepatitis B
- Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
- Polio
- Reduces the number of injections infants need.
- Decreases the workload for health workers and cold-chain requirements.
- Saves time for caregivers.
Current Immunisation Scenario in India
Approximately 26 million Indian infants are vaccinated annually. The current system requires multiple vaccines per visit, increasing injections, caregiver demand, and health provider workload.
Economic Implications
- The price of the hexavalent vaccine is a major factor in program costs.
- A 50% reduction in vaccine price could lead to savings that outweigh additional acquisition costs.
Benefits of Introducing Hexavalent Vaccine
- Fewer injections and greater convenience for children and caregivers.
- Two scenarios assessed:
- Replacing current pentavalent and fractional IPV doses with hexavalent vaccine during primary immunisation.
- Replacing both the primary schedule and the DTP booster dose with a hexavalent booster.
Cost Analysis
- Considered from government and household perspectives.
- Factors included vaccine procurement, syringes, cold-chain logistics, healthcare worker time, and caregiver time.
Conclusions and Policy Implications
Combination vaccines, such as the hexavalent, can simplify immunisation programmes and improve convenience. Despite higher upfront costs, they provide efficiencies by reducing injections and pressure on health workers. These findings offer crucial economic evidence for future policy discussions to strengthen India's immunisation programme.
