Overview of Plastic Waste Recycling in India
Since 2022, India has recycled 17 million tonnes of plastic packaging waste, generating an estimated trade value of ₹2,500 crore, comparable to funding four Chandrayaan-3 missions. Despite this significant achievement, plastic waste remains a visible issue in urban and rural areas.
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) Regime
- Definition: EPR requires plastic manufacturers to take responsibility for collecting and recycling the waste they produce.
- Targets:
- 2023-24: 100% collection of plastic waste generated by PIBOs, with 40-60% recycling targets.
- 2026-27: Recycling targets increased to 50-70% based on the plastic category.
- Example: Category 2 plastic requires 100% collection and 50% recycling.
Plastic Waste Processors (PWPs)
- Over 1,000 registered PWPs collaborate with PIBOs under CPCB guidelines.
- Payment Rates:
- ₹870 per tonne for category 1 (PET bottles).
- ₹1,500 per tonne for flexible plastic.
- ₹2,500 per tonne for compostable material.
Challenges in the EPR System
- Underestimated Waste: Concerns over PIBO targets based on self-reported data, with unclear validation methods.
- Verification Issues: CPCB audits reveal discrepancies, such as over-registration capacity by PWPs.
- Incentive Problems: Higher non-compliance costs lead to certificate manipulation rather than genuine recycling efforts.
- Cost Discrepancy: Real recycling costs for category 2 plastic are much higher than current pricing, leading to financial challenges.
- Lack of Transparency: Limited access to the EPR portal hinders scrutiny and compliance.
Conclusion
The current EPR system in India, while generating substantial economic value, faces significant challenges in waste management and transparency. Further improvements in verification processes and cost management are essential to enhance recycling efficacy and reduce visible plastic waste.
