Ministry of Jal Shakti releases Dynamic Groundwater Resource Assessment Report 2025 | Current Affairs | Vision IAS
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In Summary

  • Annual groundwater recharge increased marginally to 448.52 BCM, while extraction is 247.22 BCM, with the Stage of Extraction at 60.63%.
  • 73.4% of assessment units are 'Safe', but 11.1% are 'Over-exploited', concentrated in North West, West, and South India.
  • 10.5% are 'Semi-critical', 3.05% 'Critical', and 1.8% 'Saline' assessment units were identified in the report.

In Summary

The assessment was carried out jointly by the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) and States/UTs.

Key Highlights of the report:

  • Annual GW Recharge: Total Annual Ground Water Recharge has increased marginally to 448.52 Billion Cubic Meter (BCM) from 446.9 BCM (2024).
  • GW Extraction: Annual Extractable Ground Water Resources has also increased marginally to 407.75 BCM from 406.19 BCM (2024).
    • Further, total Annual Ground Water Extraction of the entire country for the year 2025 has been assessed as 247.22 BCM.
  • Stage of Ground Water Extraction (SoE): Measure of Annual Ground Water Extraction for all uses over Annual Extractable Ground Water Resource is worked out to be 60.63%.
  • Categories: Out of the total 6746 assessment units (Blocks/ Mandals/ Talukas) in the country.
    • 73.4 % assessment units are categorized as ‘Safe’.
    • 10.5 % assessment units are categorized “Semi-critical’’, 
    • 3.05 % assessment units, have been categorized as ‘Critical’ and 
    • 11.1% assessment units have been categorized as ‘Over-exploited’.
      • Concentration of Over-exploited units: North West (Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Western UP); West (Rajasthan, Gujarat); South (Karnataka, TN, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh).
    • 1.8% assessment units have been categorized as ‘Saline’ 

Categorization of Assessment Units in the report:

  • Overexploited: Groundwater extraction exceeding annually replenishable ground water recharge.
  • Semi-critical: Groundwater extraction is between 70-90 % of annual extractable resources available.
  • Critical: Groundwater extraction is between 90-100 % of annual extractable resources available.
  • Safe: Groundwater extraction is less than 70%.
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RELATED TERMS

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Saline

Groundwater assessment units where the groundwater quality is brackish or saline, making it unsuitable for drinking or irrigation without treatment.

Safe Units

Groundwater assessment units where the annual groundwater extraction is less than 70% of the annual extractable groundwater resources, indicating sustainable extraction levels.

Critical Units

Groundwater assessment units where the annual groundwater extraction is between 90% and 100% of the annual extractable groundwater resources.

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