Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) was launched on October 2, 2014, coinciding with birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.
About SBM
- Two Components:
- SBM (Gramin) aimed to ensure cleanliness in rural areas through Solid and Liquid Waste Management activities and make India Open Defecation Free (ODF).
- Aim now is to transform all villages from ODF to ODF plus model.
- Implemented by Ministry of Jal Shakti.
- SBM (Urban) 2.0 aims to make all cities garbage free, change public behaviour, ensure grey and black water management.
- Implemented by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
- SBM (Gramin) aimed to ensure cleanliness in rural areas through Solid and Liquid Waste Management activities and make India Open Defecation Free (ODF).
- Key Initiatives: Swachh Bharat Kosh, Swachh Survekshan, Swachhta Hi Seva campaigns, Swachh Vidyalaya Abhiyan etc.
Impact of SBM
- Improved health: Averted 60,000–70,000 infant deaths annually by reducing waterborne diseases.
- Women Empowerment: Improved safety for women and women SHGs led waste management initiatives.
- Economic Benefits: Achieving ODF status saves households about ₹50,000 yearly by lowering medical costs and travel time.
Challenges to SBM
- Lack of water supply, especially in rural areas.
- Improper faecal sludge management, inappropriate toilet technologies, and inadequate human resources endanger sustaining ODF status.
- Remediation challenge of legacy landfills in municipal waste management.
Way Forward
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