The global order established after World War II, known as Pax Americana, is undergoing significant transformation and showing signs of strain.
- Historically, the U.S. championed liberal democracy, open markets, & multilateral cooperation, fostering security and economic growth.
- However, recent developments indicate a shift away from this model, creating a leadership vacuum in global affairs.
Factors Contributing Decline of Pax Americana
- Past:
- Contradictory Actions: U.S. interventions in Vietnam, the Middle East, and the 2008 financial crisis undermined its credibility.
- Current:
- Policy Shifts: President Trump’s “America First” approach, including aggressive trade policies, further weakened U.S. influence.
- Weakening of Multilateral Institutions: Withdrawal from international agreements diminished soft power.
China’s Rising Influence
- China is leveraging the U.S. retreat to position itself as a defender of multilateralism, expanding influence via initiatives like Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
- It has become the largest trading partner for over 100 countries, strengthening its regional & global presence.
- However, its assertive foreign policy in the South China Sea, human rights concerns, debt diplomacy, etc. limit its soft power and global acceptability.
Way Forward
- The decline of Pax Americana may lead to a more fragmented world order (Pax Multipolaris) & offers opportunities for nations like India to emerge as responsible global actors, shaping a more inclusive and equitable international system.
Opportunities for India
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