The global order established after World War II, known as Pax Americana, is undergoing significant transformation and showing signs of strain.

• Historically, the U.S. championed liberal democracy, open markets, & multilateral cooperation, fostering security and economic growth. 
• However, recent developments indicate a shift away from this model, creating a leadership vacuum in global affairs.

Factors Contributing Decline of Pax Americana

• Past:
  • Contradictory Actions: U.S. interventions in Vietnam, the Middle East, and the 2008 financial crisis undermined its credibility.
• Current:
  • Policy Shifts: President Trump’s “America First” approach, including aggressive trade policies, further weakened U.S. influence.
  • Weakening of Multilateral Institutions: Withdrawal from international agreements diminished soft power.

China’s Rising Influence

• China is leveraging the U.S. retreat to position itself as a defender of multilateralism, expanding influence via initiatives like Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
• It has become the largest trading partner for over 100 countries, strengthening its regional & global presence.
• However, its assertive foreign policy in the South China Sea, human rights concerns, debt diplomacy, etc. limit its soft power and global acceptability.

Way Forward

• The decline of Pax Americana may lead to a more fragmented world order (Pax Multipolaris) & offers opportunities for nations like India to emerge as responsible global actors, shaping a more inclusive and equitable international system.