Digital Sequence Information is one of the main issues under Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources | Current Affairs | Vision IAS
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    Digital Sequence Information is one of the main issues under Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources

    Posted 26 Nov 2025

    2 min read

    Article Summary

    Article Summary

    The article highlights concerns over Digital Sequence Information's impact on the International Treaty for plant genetic resources, emphasizing governance, equity, and its role in biodiversity and food security.

    UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food cautioned that Digital Sequence Information (DSI) could fundamentally undermine the mandate of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA). 

    About ITPGRFA 

    • ITPGRFA, adopted in 2001 and enforced since 2004, is a legally binding agreement under the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 
    • It aims to ensure the conservation and sustainable use of all plant genetic resources for food and agricultureand fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of their use.
    • India is a contracting party to the treaty.
    • Treaty’s governing body meets every two years.

    Digital Sequence Information (DSI)

    • DSI on genetic resources is a placeholder term in the discussions under the 1992 Conventions on Biological Diversity. 
      • However, there is no consensus on its exact definition under CBD. 
    • Generally, DSI refers to digital storage of genetic data derived from DNA, RNA, proteins or other biological sequences.
      • DSI is a tool for scientific research used by the public and private sectors, supporting sustainable development. 
    • Cali Fund for DSI: A global benefit-sharing mechanism was created at CBD COP-16 to ensure that profits from the use of DSI are shared fairly, supporting biodiversity conservation, capacity-building, and indigenous communities.

    Significance of DSI

    • Food and Nutritional Security: Enables faster, more targeted development of climate-resilient and disease-resistant crop varieties.
    • Preservation of Agrobiodiversity: Complements physical gene banks with digital repositories, safeguarding valuable genetic traits.
    • Global Scientific Cooperation: Digital access democratises breeding research and enhances innovation in developing countries.

    Challenges in DSI Governance

    • Unclear Definition: There is no global consensus on what constitutes DSI, creating ambiguity in regulation.
    • Digital Biopiracy: DSI can be exploited without consent or disclosure.
    • Weaken Farmers’ Control: DSI risks marginalising farmers and indigenous communities who are traditional custodians of genetic knowledge.
    • Tags :
    • Digital Sequence Information
    • Digital genetics
    • ITPGRFA
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