recurring lapses in fire safety.
Reasons behind Fire Safety Lapses in India
• Environmental Factors: Hot temperatures and dry conditions increase fire risk. E.g, Brahmapuram waste plant fire, Kochi (2023)
• Unsafe Urban Design & High Density: Mixed land use, congestion, and illegal constructions heighten vulnerability. E.g, Delhi commercial-cum-residential building fire (2026)
• Structural Violations: Poor building materials, altered designsand ineffective electrical systems increase vulnerability and make rescue operations difficult. E.g, Cuttack hospital fire (2026)
• Weak Compliance & Enforcement: Non-compliance of National Building Code, lack of fire exits, faulty safety systems, and irregular fire audits.
• Inadequate Fire Infrastructure & Response Capacity: Shortage of fire stations, personnel, and equipment affects timely action.
• Other Factors: Electrical short circuits, poor maintenance, and low public awareness etc.
Way forward
• Ensure compliance: Mandatory third-party Fire Safety Audits,proper scrutiny before sanctioning NOCs, Accountability mechanisms for officials involved etc.
• Community Awareness and Participation: E.g. China’s strict enforcement and community-based fire prevention programs to educate residents about risks and emergency response.
• Technological Integration: AI-based Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment (HIRA), mobile applications for reporting incidents, Optimize Fire Station Placement etc.
• Secure Funding: E.g. Introduction of Fire Tax for upgrading equipment, infrastructure etc.
Fire Safety Regulations in India• Constitutional Provisions: Fire services are a State subject and falls under the 12th Schedule (Article 243W), assigning responsibility to Urban Local Bodies. • National Building Code (NBC): Issued by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), provides comprehensive guidelines on fire prevention and fire protection systems in buildings. • Model Building Bye-Laws, 2016: Issued by MoHUA to guide States/UTs in incorporating fire safety norms in urban planning. • NDMA Guidelines: On fire safety, including for hospitals, public buildings, and urban areas. • Scheme for Expansion and Modernization of Fire Services: Implemented by Home Ministry based on 15th Finance Commission recommendations to strengthen fire infrastructure and capacity |
