Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) Annual Report, 2025 (January, 2025 – December, 2025) Released | Current Affairs | Vision IAS

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In Summary

  • The PLFS Report, by NSO, estimates employment/unemployment indicators (LFPR, WPR, UR) using Usual Status and Current Weekly Status (CWS).
  • Key highlights: LFPR at 59.3%, WPR at 57.4%, UR at 3.1% for ages 15+; male reasons for not working include studies, female reasons include childcare.
  • Self-employment share declined to 56.2% in 2025, while agriculture remains the largest employer with a 43% share.

In Summary

The report, first launched in 2017, is published by the National Statistics Office (NSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.

  • From 2025 onwards, the survey period has been shifted from the agricultural year (July–June) to the calendar year (January–December) along with changes in survey methodology.

PLFS Report

  • The report aims to estimate the key employment and unemployment indicators (viz. Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR), Worker Population Ratio (WPR) and Unemployment Rate (UR)) in both usual status (principal activity status + subsidiary activity status) and Current Weekly Status (CWS). 
  • Key Indicators:
    • LFPR: Percentage of persons in the labour force (i.e. working or seeking or available for work) in the population.
    • WPR: Percentage of employed persons in the population.
    • UR: Percentage of persons unemployed among the persons in the labour force.
    • Activity Status – Usual Status: Determined on the basis of the reference period of last 365 days preceding the date of survey.
    • Activity Status - CWS: Determined on the basis of a reference period of last 7 days preceding the date of survey.

Key Highlights of the Report

  • LFPR:  LFPR for individuals aged 15 years and above remained at 59.3% (male participation- 79.1% and female participation- 40%).
    • Among male, 69.8% reported want to continue studies as the main reason for not being in the labour force, whereas among female, 44.4% cited child care/personal commitments in home-making as the main reason.
  • WPR: Overall WPR for ages 15 and above is 57.4% (76.6% for males and 38.8% for females).
  • UR: UR for persons aged 15 and above was 3.1% (Rural- 2.4% and Urban- 4.8%).
  • Share of self-employed persons: Shown a gradual decline from 2023 (58.2%) to 2025 (56.2%).
  • Sectoral Employment Changes: Agriculture remains the largest employer, though its share declined from 44.8% in 2024 to 43% in 2025.
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RELATED TERMS

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Self-employed persons

Self-employed persons are individuals who work for their own business or enterprise. This category includes those who own and operate their businesses without being employees of others.

Current Weekly Status (CWS)

A method used in labour force surveys to determine a person's activity status. It assesses whether an individual worked for at least one hour on any day during the seven days preceding the date of the survey.

Usual Status

Usual Status refers to the activity status of a person determined based on a reference period of the last 365 days preceding the date of the survey. It captures the principal and subsidiary economic activities undertaken by an individual over a longer period.

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