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In Summary

  • Sudan, Africa's third-largest country, is located in Northeast Africa, bordering Egypt, Libya, Chad, CAR, South Sudan, Ethiopia, and Eritrea, with a Red Sea coastline.
  • Geographically, Sudan features deserts like the Libyan and Nubian, arid grasslands, and is defined by the confluence of the Blue and White Nile rivers at Khartoum.
  • A UN Women report indicates sexual violence against women has quadrupled in Sudan over three years amidst the ongoing conflict.

In Summary

Sudan (Capital- Khartoum)

According to a report by UN Women, sexual violence against women ‘quadruples’ in three years during the ongoing conflict in Sudan.

Political Features

  • It is the third largest country in Africa after Algeria and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
  • Location: Northeast Africa.
  • Bordering Countries: Egypt (north), Libya (northwest), Chad (west), Central African Republic (southwest), South Sudan (south), Ethiopia (southeast), Eritrea (east).
  • Coastline: Along the Red Sea.
  • Important Regions: Darfur, abyei, kordofan.

Geographical Features

  • Much of Sudan consists of deserts and arid grasslands (Savanna)
  • Major Deserts: Libyan desert, Nubian desert.
  • Key Rivers:  Nile River (Blue Nile and White Nile meet at Khartoum), Atbarah River. 
  • Major Mountains: Marrah Mountains, Red Sea Hills, Nuba mountains
    • Highest Peak: Deriba crater (3,042 m).
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Blue Nile and White Nile

The two major tributaries of the Nile River. The White Nile is generally considered the headstream and the longer of the two, while the Blue Nile is the source of most of the water and fertile silt. They meet at Khartoum, Sudan's capital, forming the main Nile River.

Sexual Violence in Conflict

Acts of sexual violence, such as rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, and forced pregnancy, committed as a weapon of war during armed conflict. The UN has highlighted its alarming rise in Sudan's ongoing conflict.

Abyei

A disputed, oil-rich territory located on the border between Sudan and South Sudan. Its status remains unresolved and is a significant point of contention between the two nations.

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