Satellite-based Communication Services

Satellite-based communication services are rapidly evolving and are crucial for enhancing digital connectivity. This was highlighted by Chairman of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI).

Key Aspects of Satellite Communications

• Geo and Non-geostationary Systems: These systems are pivotal in expanding digital connectivity coverage.
• Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI):
  • India's DPI, under the JAM (Jan Dhan, Aadhaar, and mobile) trinity, plays a crucial role in financial inclusivity.
  • This infrastructure is gaining traction globally, with deployment in 12 countries, enhancing digital payments through real-time user identification.

Technological Innovations and Recommendations

• Embedded SIM for M2M Communication: Encouraging the development of a homegrown M2M eSIM ecosystem.
• Terahertz Spectrum: Proposed framework for experimental use and licence-exempt use of the 77 to 81 GHz band for automotive radars. This could foster innovative technologies enhancing road safety.

Indigenous Manufacturing and Economic Opportunities

• Make in India Initiative:
  • Focus on enhancing value addition, expanding markets, and promoting startups in sectors like telecom, data economy, and smart cities.

Innovations in Lithium-Ion Battery Technology

Researchers at the National Institute of Technology Rourkela (NIT Rourkela) have made strides in making lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles (EVs) more affordable and efficient. They have introduced a new class of cathode materials utilizing magnesium as an alternative to the traditional cobalt-based designs.

Key Challenges with Cobalt-Based Cathodes

• Cost and Price Volatility:
  • Cobalt is expensive and subject to price fluctuations.
• Limited Availability:
  • Major sources are concentrated in countries such as Cuba, Madagascar, and Papua New Guinea.
• Ethical Concerns:
  • Issues surrounding the extraction processes and their impact on the environment and communities.

Need for Alternative Materials

With the growing demand for EVs and lithium-ion batteries, the reliance on cobalt presents significant issues. It is projected that by 2050, the global cobalt supply might fall short of meeting demand, highlighting the necessity for developing alternative materials.

Rethinking Anaemia's Causes in India

A recent study challenges the conventional belief that iron deficiency is the primary cause of anaemia in India. Conducted by multiple institutions and published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, it suggests that factors like Vitamin B12 deficiency and air pollution also play significant roles.

Anaemia Overview

• Anaemia is characterized by symptoms like weakness, fatigue, and paleness.
• Caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBC) or haemoglobin, which carry oxygen to cells.
• Traditionally attributed to iron deficiency due to its role in RBC production.

Implications for Policy

• The study suggests a need for policy interventions beyond iron supplementation.
• Highlighted the importance of diverse diets, including more fruits, milk, and vegetables, to improve nutrient absorption.
• Calls for economic changes to make high-quality diets more accessible to the wider population.

Anaemia Mukt Bharat Initiative

• Includes six interventions: prophylactic iron folic acid supplementation, periodic de-worming, behavior change communication, anaemia testing using digital hemoglobinometers, and provision of fortified foods.