Earthquake Preparedness and Resilience
The recent 4.0 magnitude earthquake in Delhi, despite no reported damages, serves as a critical reminder that while earthquakes themselves may not directly cause fatalities, the structural integrity of buildings can. Given their unpredictable nature and high-impact potential, it's vital to understand and mitigate earthquake risks.
Earthquake Impact
- Earthquakes contribute to 50% of disaster-related life loss globally over a 25-year period.
- Historical events like the Bhuj (2001), Kashmir (2005), Nepal (2015), and Turkey (2023) earthquakes have caused significant fatalities.
- Contrastingly, the 2023 Sikkim GLOF resulted in fewer casualties.
Immediate Safety Measures
- Drop, Cover, Hold (DCH): Seek cover under sturdy furniture or near structural supports during a quake.
- Exit to open space if on the ground floor and safe to do so.
- Be cautious of aftershocks which are unpredictable.
Building Reinforcement
- In high-risk areas like the Himalayas, reinforce structures with beams or bars.
- Secure furniture to prevent injury during tremors.
- Insist on earthquake-resilient designs in residential buildings.
Building Codes and Standards
Despite India's comprehensive building codes (IS1893-2016), which align with international standards, enforcement remains a challenge. Seismic microzonation in places like Delhi aids in informed construction practices.
Quake-Resilient Certification
- Countries like Japan, Taiwan, and the Philippines incorporate this into real estate processes, enhancing property value.
- Techniques like base-isolation are popular in Japan to minimize earthquake damage.
Insurance Coverage
- Currently limited to debt-financed properties, covering only up to the loan amount.
- Addressing this gap could lead to broader coverage and reduced premiums.
Urban Planning and Policy Reform
Cities like Tehran, Kathmandu, Manila, and Tokyo exemplify the integration of risk assessments into urban planning, an approach Delhi could emulate to enhance resilience. Increasing demand for earthquake-resilient designs in architecture is crucial for future readiness.