Food Waste Crisis in India
The United Nations Environment Programme's Food Waste Index Report (FWIR) 2024 highlights a significant global issue: Food Waste. In 2022, 1.05 billion tonnes of food were wasted worldwide, which is nearly 20% of all food available to consumers. India is a major contributor to this waste.
Global and National Statistics
- India ranks second in food wastage globally, following China.
- Each Indian wastes 55 kg of food annually, less than the USA's 73 kg, but significant given India's large population.
- Approximately 78 million tonnes of food are discarded in India each year.
Implications of Food Waste
- Exacerbates climate change through increased greenhouse gas emissions.
- Causes economic loss and represents social injustice amid widespread hunger.
- Contributes 10%-12% to India's municipal waste, enhancing methane emissions from landfills.
Causes of Food Waste
- Over-purchasing and inadequate meal planning.
- Limited storage and cultural habits leading to excess food preparation.
- Poor refrigeration and short shelf life in urban retail markets.
- Household activities contribute to 61% of global food waste.
Environmental and Social Impact
- Food waste generates 8%-10% of annual global greenhouse gas emissions.
- If considered a country, food waste would be the third-largest emitter after China and the US.
- Contributes to food insecurity and hinders Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) like SDG 2 and SDG 12.3.
Strategies for Mitigation
- Individual Actions:
- Smart meal planning and shopping.
- Efficient food storage and creative use of leftovers.
- Composting and donating surplus food.
- Systemic Reforms:
- Government investment in cold storage and transportation infrastructure.
- Businesses adopting sustainable practices, like redistributing unsold food.
- Institutional awareness on responsible consumption.
Conclusion
Addressing food waste involves collaborative efforts from governments, businesses, and individuals to develop efficient food management systems. The focus should be on valuing existing resources and ensuring no one goes hungry. By reducing waste, improving sustainability, and advocating for responsible consumption, we can achieve a future of food security and environmental conservation.