Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma: Understanding and Treatment Innovations

A team of scientists has made significant advancements in understanding and treating signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC), a rare and aggressive form of colorectal cancer (CRC) originating in the colon or rectum.

Characteristics of SRCC

• SRCC is named for its unique cellular appearance, resembling a signet ring under a microscope.
• This type of cancer spreads rapidly, resists conventional therapies, and is often diagnosed at advanced stages.
• A significant challenge in treatment is its tendency to spread to the peritoneum, leading to a poor prognosis.

Prevalence of SRCC in India

• Globally, SRCC represents about 1% of all CRC cases.
• In India, it affects a disproportionately larger number of patients, often younger individuals.
• The highest incidence rates in India are found in central and northern regions.

Innovative Research Findings

• The study conducted by Nazia Chaudhary at the Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC) introduced new analytical methods.
• Researchers developed patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and xenografts (PDXs), miniaturized tumor models for in-depth examination and treatment testing.
• This biobank of SRCC models enabled the discovery of molecular features explaining resistance to traditional chemotherapy.
• A promising outcome was achieved with a novel three-drug regimen that reduced tumor size and prevented cancer spread in lab models.

Implications and Future Directions

• The findings could lead to clinical trials and new treatment options.
• Phase 1 clinical trials are necessary for further exploration of these therapies.

The study titled ‘Patient-Derived Organoids and Xenografts Uncover Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Colorectal Signet Ring Cell Carcinomas’ was published in the journal Clinical Cancer Research.

Source: Anuradha Mascarenhas, The Indian Express