Snow Persistence in the Himalayan Hindu Kush Region
Recent observations indicate a significant decline in snow persistence in the Himalayan Hindu Kush Region (HKH). Between 2020-21 and 2024-25, four out of five winters experienced below-normal snow persistence.
Decline in Snow Levels
- The winter of 2024-2025 recorded a 23.6% low in snow levels.
- The melting snow contributes to approximately a fourth of the runoff in 12 major rivers, including the Ganga, Indus, and Brahmaputra.
Impact on Water Security
- Reduced snow melt affects water security for over two billion people in these river basins.
- Potential impacts include decreased water availability for drinking, irrigation, and hydroelectricity.
Climate Change Factors
- The decline in snow persistence is attributed to climate change.
- The Himalayan region is experiencing temperature increases that exceed the global average.
- Local developments, such as urbanization, exacerbate temperature rise.
- Weaker western disturbances disrupt seasonal precipitation patterns.
Policy Recommendations
- A two-pronged approach to address climate change is necessary.
- Investments in water management, drought-proofing agriculture, and improved warning systems are essential.
- Enhanced regional cooperation on river management and natural resources is crucial.
Challenges in Regional Cooperation
- Riparian issues are contentious and often affected by political dynamics.
- Improved data-sharing mechanisms could mitigate vulnerabilities due to climate impacts.
