China’s Use of AI in Military Operations
China is integrating AI into its military strategy under the term “intelligentised warfare.” This includes applying AI to enhance battlefield equipment like artillery systems, reducing time between shots, improving accuracy, and integrating AI with drones for precise targeting. The recent DeepSeek AI advancements are expected to bolster China's military capabilities.
Implications for India
Experts express concern for India, as China is actively supporting Pakistan's Centre of Artificial Intelligence and Computing, which is developing AI and machine learning for tactical decision-making. This collaboration was evident during Operation Sindoor, where Pakistan possibly received real-time satellite updates from China, highlighting the importance of C4ISR (Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance).
Challenges and Opportunities
- Technological Advancements: Wars are becoming more complex due to geopolitical changes and rapid technological progress.
- Data Analysis: Modern armed forces must analyze large data volumes across land, air, sea, space, and cyberspace to devise strategies.
- Energy Requirements: AI technologies demand significant energy, with countries turning to nuclear power to support data centers.
India's Energy and AI Strategy
India's energy challenges include a lack of nuclear power and an unstable electricity grid due to a focus on renewables without adequate storage systems. Nuclear projects, such as small modular reactors (SMRs), are considered solutions to enhance baseload capacity. It also emphasizes the need for substantial electricity generation to support AI and defense initiatives.
AI in India’s Defense Establishment
India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation’s (DRDO) Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (CAIR) was established in 1986 to develop autonomous technologies. However, China's AI prowess and support for Pakistan pose challenges for India.
Future of AI in Warfare
- Agentic Warfare: AI integration into military decision-making will reshape warfare, with AI systems enabling forces to outthink and outmaneuver opponents.
- Autonomous Systems: AI is being deployed for autonomous weapons, intelligence gathering, and cybersecurity.
- Global Examples: Ukraine and Israel have utilized AI in conflicts, demonstrating its impact on modern warfare.
A robust energy infrastructure is crucial to support AI developments in defense. India faces challenges but also has opportunities to advance its AI and energy strategies.