Manipur's Political Developments and Kuki-Zo Peace Deal
The BJP-led government in Manipur is addressing protests from the Kuki-Zo tribes amidst ongoing peace deal negotiations. The proposed Kuki-Zo peace deal is expected to grant autonomy similar to the Frontier Nagaland Territorial Authority (FNTA) agreement with the Eastern Nagaland Peoples’ Organisation (ENPO).
Proposed Autonomy Under Article 371C
- The deal aims to provide more autonomy, financial authority, and administrative power to Manipur's hill districts under Article 371C.
- Negotiations may involve amending Article 371C or adding a new chapter to grant legislative, administrative, and financial powers to the hill tribes.
- This approach falls short of the Kuki-Zo demand for a separate Union Territory but seeks to meet their requirements for administrative and financial autonomy.
Negotiation Highlights and Challenges
- There is an understanding of feasible terms, with ongoing talks involving Suspension of Operations (SoO) groups.
- The FNTA's signing during Manipur's government formation encouraged Kuki groups that a similar deal could materialize.
- Provisions may include self-governance within the State Assembly framework, financial devolution, and legislative powers over local customs.
Comparative Analysis: Article 371A vs. Article 371C
- Article 371A (Nagaland) offers more extensive powers, safeguarding customary laws and resources, with a legislative veto in the Nagaland Legislative Assembly.
- Article 371C offers less power, focusing on administrative oversight without broad legislative veto, and has been weakened by the Meitei-dominated Assembly.
- Autonomous District Councils (ADCs) in Manipur have not been effectively empowered since statehood in 1972, with limited practical functionality.
Historical Attempts and Amendments
- Attempts to amend and increase ADCs' autonomy have been inconsistent, often stalled or regarded as cosmetic.
- Amendments in 2000 and 2008 were either revoked or found inadequate, with significant opposition to changes proposed by select committees.
