The G4 nations have presented a model for early action to restructure the United Nations Security Council (UNSC).
- The G4 (India, Brazil, Germany, and Japan) support each other's bids for permanent seats on UNSC.
About UNSC
- Established by UN Charter as one of UN’s 6 main organs.
- Function: Holds primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security.
- Structure: 15 members (each with one vote)
- 5 Permanent Members: USA, UK, France, China, Russia (hold veto power)
- 10 Non-permanent Members: Elected by General Assembly for a 2-year term (not eligible for immediate re-election)
Key reforms proposed
- Expansion of Council: To 25 or 26 seats, this includes-
- 6 New Permanent Members (total 11).
- 14 or 15 Non-permanent Members.
- Regional Distribution of New Permanent Seats: Elected-
- 2 from African Member States.
- 2 from Asia-Pacific Member States.
- 1 from Latin American and Caribbean Member States.
- 1 from Western European and Other Member States.
Need for UNSC Reforms
- Outdated Power Structure: Reflects a 1945 post-war reality that ignores modern power shifts and the interests of the Global South.
- Veto Deadlock: Often paralyze the Council during major conflicts (e.g. Ukraine, Gaza), damaging its credibility.
- Under-representation: Major nations, like India, lack permanent representation.
- Financial Dependence: Reliance on a small number of major donors (e.g. USA) creates budget instability and risks undue influence over UN operations.
