National Health Mission (NHM)

• Background: In 2013, NRHM (launched in 2005) and NUHM (launched in 2013) merged under the National Health Mission (NHM).
• 2 Sub-Mission: National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) and National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)
• National Urban Health Mission (NUHM)
  • Coverage: all State capitals, district headquarters and cities/towns with a population of more than 50000.
  • Decentralised: Need based city specific urban health care system and implemented in partnership with community and local bodies and NGOs.
  • External aide: Funding is being provided by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) based on progress related to certain indicators.
  • Service Delivery Infrastructure: Urban–Primary Health Centre, Urban-Community Health Centre (U-CHC) and Referral Hospitals and Outreach services.
• National Rural Health Mission
  • The thrust of the mission is on establishing a fully functional, community owned, decentralized health delivery system with inter-sectoral convergence at all levels.
  • The mission will ensure simultaneous action on a wide range of determinants of health such as water, sanitation, education, nutrition, social and gender equality.
• Support to states: The financing to the state is based on the State's Programme Implementation Plan (PIP).
  • States that show improved progress made on key Outcomes/Outputs such as IMR, MMR, etc. can receive additional funds as incentives.
• Electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network (e-VIN): It combines state-of-the-art technology, a strong IT infrastructure and trained human resource to enable real time monitoring of stock and storage temperature of the vaccines kept in multiple locations across the country.

Major Initiatives                        

• Janani Suraksha Yojana
  • It is a  demand promotion and conditional cash transfer scheme for promoting institutional delivery.
  • It is 100% Centrally Sponsored Scheme. 

• Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK)
  • Objectives: To provide better health facilities for pregnant women and neonates and mitigate the problem of out of pocket expenses
  • Facilitates 'zero expense deliveries' to pregnant women who access Government health facilities for their delivery (refer to the infographics). 

• Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK)
  • Aim: Early identification and early intervention for children to cover 4 'D's viz. Defects at birth, Deficiencies, Diseases, Development delays including disability.
  • Intended beneficiary: All children of 0-6 years of age group in rural areas and urban slums, and children up to 18 years of age enrolled in classes 1st to 12th in Government and Government aided schools.
  • Child Health Screening and Early Intervention Services envisages to cover 30 selected health conditions for Screening, early detection and free management. 
• Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram 
  • Beneficiaries: For Adolescents (10-19 years) to make informed health decisions.
  • Health Screening in Schools for early disease detection, especially NCDs.
  • Community Support: Peer educators (Saathiya) guide adolescents.
  • Saathiya Resource Kit: Helps address sensitive topics, especially in rural areas.
  • Menstrual Hygiene Scheme (MHS): Subsidized sanitary napkins for rural girls.
  • National Adolescent Health Strategy: Developed by MoHFW & UNFPA.
• RMNCH+A (Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health): The RMNCH+A strategy promotes links between various interventions across thematic areas to enhance coverage throughout the lifecycle to improve child survival in India.

• Universal Immunization Programme (UIP)
  • It is a 100% Funded by the central government.
  • It was launched in 1985, and is one of the largest immunizations programmes in the world.

• Intensified Mission Indradhanush
  • Background: In 2014, India launched Mission Indradhanush (MI), flagship programme with the aim to improve Routine Immunization coverage.  
  • Subsequently IMI was launched to ensure no one is left behind. 
• Communicable Disease Control Programme
  • National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP): For preventing vector-borne diseases (Malaria, Japanese Encephalitis, Dengue, Chikungunya, Kala-azar and Lymphatic Filariasis) 
  • National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP): To reduce TB burden in India by 2025, five years ahead of the Sustainable Development Goals.
    • Nikshay Poshan Yojana (NPY): ₹1000/month for TB patients via DBT.
  • National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP): Provides free leprosy treatment to all. 
  • Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP): Tracks epidemic-prone diseases with IT-based surveillance.
• Non Communicable Disease Control Programmes
  • National Programme for prevention & Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases & stroke (NPCDCS)
  • National Programe For Control Of Blindness & Visual Impairment(NPCBVI)
  • National Mental Health Programme (NMHP)
  • National Programme for healthcare of Elderly(NPHCE)
  • National Programme for Palliative care (NPPC)
  • National Programme for the Prevention & Control of Deafness (NPPCD)
  • National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP)
  • National Programme for Prevention & Management of Burn Injuries (NPPMBI)
  • National Oral Health Programme(NOHP)