Lapis Lazuli: Origins and Characteristics

Lapis lazuli is a vividly blue rock known for its striking color and use as a semi-precious gemstone.

Composition and Coloration

• Lapis lazuli derives its blue color primarily from the mineral lazurite, which makes up 25-40% of the rock.
• The intensity of the blue depends on the amount and structure of sulfur in lazurite.
• Presence of calcite can reduce the blueness, while pyrites add a golden sparkle.
• Other minor minerals include diopside and sodalite.

Geographical Significance

• Found in several countries, including Chile, Russia, and the US.
• However, the highest quality is sourced from the Badakhshan province in Afghanistan, with mining dating back over 6,000 years.

Historical Importance

• Used in trade by ancient Indian traders from Badakhshan since around 1000 BC.
• Ornaments made of lapis lazuli were discovered in Indus civilization sites like Mohenjo-daro and Harappa.
• The ancient Egyptians utilized it for jewelry and as a material for eye shadow.
• During the Renaissance, European artists ground it into ultramarine, a costly pigment for painting.

Etymology

• The name "lapis lazuli" is derived from two languages:
• Lapis: Latin for 'stone'
• Lazuli: From the Persian word lazhw ard, meaning 'blue'.