Pakistan-Sponsored Terrorism in Jammu & Kashmir and India's Response
Repetitive Course of Terrorist Attacks
Pakistan-supported terrorist incidents in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) and across India follow a recurring pattern. These attacks, marked by their brutality and scale, provoke significant national outrage in India. Pahalgam represents one such extreme case.
Indian Government's Response to Major Attacks
- Post the Parliament attack in December 2001 and the Kaluchak attack in May 2002, India launched Operation Parakram, one of its largest military mobilizations.
- India downgraded diplomatic and commercial ties with Pakistan and sought international condemnation for its actions.
- A peace agreement was brokered in 2004 between Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee and President Pervez Musharraf.
- The 26/11 Mumbai attack in 2008 led to a freezing of bilateral ties, though a major military response was not executed.
Post-2014 Strategy and International Dynamics
Since 2014, India has adopted a more aggressive strategy, combining counter-terrorism operations, unpredictable military responses, and diplomatic initiatives. Prime Minister Narendra Modi has pursued dialogue while simultaneously retaliating to attacks like Uri and Pulwama beyond expected measures.
Global perceptions have shifted, especially after the US withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2021. Pakistan's strategic importance has diminished, and support for India has increased. China remains a key ally for Pakistan, but global patience for cross-border terrorism is low.
Recent Measures and Military Strategy
- India has proposed suspending the Indus Water Treaty and called for its review.
- A diplomatic outreach aims to cut off military assistance to Pakistan, review multilateral funding, and demand the dismantling of terror infrastructure.
- The military response is expected to be calculated, avoiding predictability and including comprehensive military and non-conventional strategies.
Long-Term Objectives and Global Implications
India's short-term achievements may be tactical, but it remains committed to a long-term strategy against terrorism. Pakistan may seek to trigger limited conventional warfare to invite international mediation and spotlight Kashmir.
India is aware of the potential nuclear threats, with the global community vigilant against any nuclear movements.
The Role of Military and Democratic Forces
A sustained effort to remove terrorism requires global cooperation to reinforce democratic elements in Pakistan, reducing military and militant influences. Enhanced security measures in J&K are essential, alongside a broader security, defense, and technological upgrade.
Reflecting on South Asia's future is crucial, as the region's stability is intertwined with India's progress.